3/6/2023 0 Comments Rekenrek vs abacusAlthough some of the virtual manipulatives were identified (e.g., polynominoes and fraction tiles), information on how the digital platform allowed them to manipulate the objects was scarce. The advantages of the rekenrek and the implications of the study for math instruction within the Realistic Mathematics Education model are addressed. Use of multiple-regression analysis confirmed that the results were significant and meaningful. Results indicated that students in Group 1 scored significantly higher on an addition and subtraction test with numbers from zero to 20 than did students in either Group 2 or 3. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe post-hoc test. Forty-five students with learning disabilities were divided into three equivalent groups based on their pretest scores: Group 1 received instruction using rekenrek, Group 2 received instruction without rekenrek, and Group 3 received no instruction. It is comprised of two rows of 10 beads, each broken into two sets of 5 by color (i.e., in each row the first 5 beads are red and the next 5 are white). The rekenrek looks like an abacus, but differs in that it is based on a five-structure and not a ten-structure system. These are just some of the ways that rekenreks are a valuable tool for teaching math, especially when students struggle with grasping how numbers are composed of other, smaller numbers.This study examined the effects on math performance of the use of the rekenrek, a manipulative developed by Adrian Treffers. The red beads (three groups of five) and the white beads (three groups of one) together make three groups of six. This is also a visual way to model partial products. Three groups of red beads is fifteen and the additional three white beads makes eighteen. A student can be taught that it is easier to count the red beads by skip counting by fives rather than counting each individual bead. In the image below the beads form an array, with three rows of six. This encourages them to see and use the ten-structure when adding and subtracting larger numbers.Ī 100-bead rekenrek can also be used with one-digit by one-digit multiplication. I also urge my students to first count the full rows of tens and then count the remaining beads. One strategy is to have them push over 36 beads and 25 beads and count the total number of beads. Thirty-six plus 25 may be too abstract for some students to wrap their brains around. The 100-bead rekenrek supports students with adding and subtracting two-digit numbers, especially if they need a physical model to manipulate. Students who struggle with the addition and subtraction of larger numbers benefit from continued practice with a rekenrek. Take Skills Further with the 100-Bead Rekenrek They might even count out two beads on the right side of the rekenrek and push over the remainder, knowing two and eight make ten. When children understand the five-structure of numbers, they push over all five red beads and then an additional three white beads to make eight. Every row has five white beads and five red beads, providing a visual model how numbers are composed.Īsk young students to push over eight beads and they might start by slowly counting out eight individual beads one-by-one. Made up of rows of ten plastic beads each, a rekenrek is designed to build an understanding of the five-structure and ten-structure of numbers. Think of a rekenrek as a tricked-out abacus. You may have seen a 20-bead rekenrek in kindergarten or first grade classrooms before. In fact, I think the rekenrek is the best math manipulative for my younger math students and my math intervention groups. My favorite way to support students with composing and decomposing numbers is by using rekenreks. Others need more time, and repeated practice, to develop their understanding of how numbers are structured. Some students pick this concept up right away.
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